113 Chemical Compounds and Their Applications

Understanding Compounds with Molecular Weights Around 113

The world of chemistry is organized by many properties, but molecular weight provides a particularly useful classification system. Compounds with molecular weights around 113 g/mol occupy an interesting middle ground in organic chemistry—heavier than simple molecules like methane or ethanol, yet lighter than complex biomolecules or polymers.

This molecular weight range encompasses a diverse array of compounds with remarkable versatility. From essential industrial solvents to pharmaceutical building blocks, flavor compounds to agricultural chemicals, these molecules form a critical part of modern chemistry's toolbox.

What makes 113 g/mol compounds particularly significant is their balance of properties. They typically have:

• Sufficient volatility for many industrial applications
• Complex enough structure to exhibit specific biological activities
• Relatively straightforward synthesis compared to larger molecules
• Diverse functional group capabilities
• Wide ranging solubility profiles depending on structure

Key Chemical Compounds with Molecular Weights Around 113

This molecular weight range includes numerous industrially and biologically important compounds. Let's examine some of the most significant examples and their applications.

Aromatic Compounds (~113 g/mol)

Aromatic structures with molecular weights near 113 g/mol include several industrially important compounds:

    /\    
   |  \   
   |   \  
   |    \ 
   |     N
   |    /H
   |   /   
    \ /    
                                        

   CH₃     
    |      
    |      
CH₃-C-----C-CH₃
    ||   ||
    ||   ||
    C-----C
    |     |
    |     |
    C=====C
                                        

Aliphatic Compounds (~113 g/mol)

Non-aromatic compounds in this molecular weight range include:

    O       
    ‖       
CH₃-C-O-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃
                                        

CH₂=CH-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃
                                        

Halogenated Compounds (~113 g/mol)

Compounds containing halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) in this weight range include:

Applications of 113 g/mol Compounds Across Industries

Compounds with molecular weights around 113 g/mol find applications across numerous industries due to their versatile properties and relatively straightforward synthesis.

Pharmaceutical Applications

In pharmaceutical development, these compounds serve critical roles:

• Building Blocks: They function as essential intermediates in the synthesis of more complex active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)
• Functional Groups: Their molecular weight allows incorporation of key pharmacophores while maintaining drug-like properties
• Solubility Modifiers: They can be used to adjust the solubility profiles of drug formulations
• Bioavailability Enhancers: Some compounds in this range improve the absorption of other therapeutic agents

Industrial and Manufacturing Applications

The industrial sector heavily utilizes compounds in the 113 g/mol range:

Agricultural and Food Industry Applications

Several compounds with molecular weights around 113 g/mol play important roles in agriculture and food production:

• Pest Management: Components in insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides
• Growth Regulation: Synthetic plant hormones and growth regulators
• Food Additives: Flavor compounds and food preservation agents
• Processing Aids: Extraction solvents for natural products

Consumer Products Containing ~113 g/mol Compounds

Many everyday products contain compounds in this weight range:

Chemical Properties and Behavior of 113 g/mol Compounds

Compounds with molecular weights around 113 g/mol exhibit interesting physical and chemical properties that make them valuable in various applications.

Physical Properties

The physical state of these compounds at room temperature depends primarily on their molecular structure:

• Liquids: Most aliphatic compounds like 1-nonene, butyl acetate, and many simple halogenated compounds
• Solids: Typically aromatic compounds with strong intermolecular forces like indole
• Gases: Rare in this weight range, though some halogenated compounds approach gaseous state

Volatility varies considerably but generally follows these patterns:

Chemical Reactivity

The reactivity of compounds in this weight range depends primarily on their functional groups:

Synthesis Methods

Compounds with molecular weights around 113 g/mol can be synthesized through various methods:

• Condensation Reactions: Combining smaller molecules with elimination of small molecules like water
• Substitution Reactions: Replacing functional groups to achieve desired properties
• Addition Reactions: Adding molecules across double or triple bonds
• Rearrangement Reactions: Reorganizing atoms within a molecule to form isomers
• Reduction/Oxidation: Changing oxidation states of carbon atoms

Environmental Impact of 113 g/mol Compounds

The environmental behavior and impact of compounds with molecular weights around 113 g/mol vary considerably based on their specific chemical structures.

Environmental Persistence

These compounds show varying degrees of persistence in the environment:

Transport and Distribution in Ecosystems

When released into the environment, these compounds distribute themselves across environmental compartments based on their physical-chemical properties:

Ecological and Health Impacts

The toxicity profiles of 113 g/mol compounds vary widely:

• Aquatic Toxicity: Many compounds in this weight range can affect aquatic organisms at relatively low concentrations
• Bioaccumulation: Some hydrophobic compounds may concentrate in fatty tissues
• Air Quality Impact: Volatile organic compounds contribute to photochemical smog formation
• Human Health Concerns: Range from mild irritation to carcinogenic potential depending on specific compound

Analytical Identification of 113 g/mol Compounds

Identifying and characterizing compounds with molecular weights around 113 g/mol requires sophisticated analytical techniques. These methods are essential for quality control, environmental monitoring, and research applications.

Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry (MS) is particularly valuable for compounds in this weight range:

• GC-MS: Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is ideal for volatile compounds like esters and ketones
• LC-MS: Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry works well for less volatile or thermally unstable compounds
• High-Resolution MS: Allows precise determination of molecular formula through exact mass measurement
• Fragmentation Patterns: Compounds in this weight range typically show distinctive fragmentation that aids identification

Spectroscopic Methods

Several spectroscopic techniques provide valuable structural information:

Chromatographic Separation

Separating and identifying compounds in this weight range often requires chromatographic techniques:

• Gas Chromatography (GC): Excellent for volatile compounds like solvents and simple esters
• High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Ideal for less volatile or thermally unstable compounds
• Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC): Useful for rapid screening and monitoring reactions
• Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC): Combines aspects of GC and HPLC for difficult separations

Current Research and Future Applications

Research involving compounds with molecular weights around 113 g/mol continues to evolve, with several emerging areas of interest.

Green Chemistry Alternatives

Researchers are developing environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional compounds in this weight range:

• Bio-based Solvents: Developing plant-derived alternatives to petroleum-based solvents
• Reduced Toxicity: Designing molecules with similar functions but lower environmental impact
• Improved Biodegradability: Modifying structures to enhance environmental breakdown
• Renewable Feedstocks: Shifting production from petroleum to biological sources

Pharmaceutical Research

Compounds in this weight range continue to play important roles in drug discovery:

Advanced Materials

Materials science increasingly utilizes compounds in this weight range:

• Polymerization Initiators: Compounds that trigger precise polymer formation
• Surface Modifiers: Molecules that alter material interfaces for specific properties
• Nanoparticle Functionalization: Attaching functional groups to nanoparticles for targeted applications
• Stimuli-Responsive Materials: Compounds that change properties in response to environmental triggers

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